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Finally, in 1709, it was Poltava's victory.

In 1704 a new Swedish attack was broken on the fires of the Russian battle line supported by the large pieces of the batteries of the islands of Kotlin and Kronstadt. Petersburg, built in the midst of the sands and marshes, commanding the mouth of the Neva. Finally, in 1703, the Tsar laid the first stone of the fortress of St. The following year, a victory was won on Lake Ladoga. In 1701, a Swedish fleet attacked the Dvina estuary, with Arkhangelsk as its objective, saved by some Russian ships. For many centuries, suede, strong in its fleet, the most powerful of this inland sea, was a serious obstacle to the safety of merchant traffic and of the Russian Interests in general. More than ever determined to offer Russia another port, Petr Velikiy (Peter the Great) was looking in the Baltic. The latter did not have the opportunity to distinguish themselves, for although Kerch was taken without a fight, the Turks came to reconquer in 1711 the territories gained earlier, for lack of Russian reinforcements. With his first few ships, built with the assistance of a Francophone Switzerland, Franz Lefort, future admiral, built the first force of ships and galleys, commanded by the Cossacks, and completed the siege of the fortress by his capture.Īfter this first victory, he officially created the Russian fleet in 1696. He thought of securing above all a durable outlet in the Black Sea, and this access was blocked only by the Turkish fortress of Azov. But the latter was a prisoner of the icy climate and seasonal passage in the ice. He founded the port of Arkhangelsk in the White Sea. In 1693, he was very influential in his youth by everything that had to do with ships. It was not until the reign of Peter the Great (1682) that Russia really took an interest in the possession of a military fleet. But these operated more often on land, or in solid galleys, distant derivatives of the Lodyas. Disturbances marked this interregnum, in the Sea of ​​Azov and the Black Sea, while Cossack expeditions defended the interests of the Tsar. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the house of the Romanov succeeded to the house of Rurik. The threat of the Tatars, the Mongols and the Teutonic Knights having passed, a new opponent in the Baltic presented himself: Sweden. Moreover, pirates began a real boom in the 15th century, to which the Tsars brought a solution by financing the protection of their ships by the Danes, bought at a gold price thanks to the benefits of this trade. A trade also began in the Baltic with the Hanse, but the lack of large coastal ports prevented its development. The Black Sea is certainly the cradle of the Russian fleet, and its academy. Scandinavian shipbuilding was locally adapted to produce the Lodya.Īt that time there was an embryo of a naval force, for vast fleets were thrown against Constantinople by the princes. The semi-legendary figure of Rurik, that funded Kiev. Some cities, such as Kiev and Novgorod, had enjoyed a certain radiance thanks to maritime trade on a network of routes from the Scandinavian and Hanseatic cities to Constantinople and Greece. In the Middle Ages, the Slavic navigators were equally bold as those of the Vikings on their Lodyas, a Russian replica of the Drakkars, but originally canoe derivatives. But long before this vast country secured outlets on the Black Sea or the Baltic, the Slavs possessed rudiments of long-sea maritime trade, carried out first and foremost by fluvial boats, and then Ships of Scandinavian nature, influenced by the Venetian construction (present-day Poland). Governing a colossal continental power, the Tsar of all the Russias had little interest in maritime affairs. The latter was of relatively recent composition (from the seventeenth century, Peter the Great). Russian Navy (Russkiy Flot) 1914-18 Nomenclature WW1 Russian BattleshipsĪn introduction: The Russian navy (1680-1917)īefore the Soviet Navy, there was the Russian Navy.